Key Terms:
Judiciary Act of 1789: Made courts for each state, established powers of the federal courts.
Bill of Rights: Put the rights of the people down in writing to protect them
Cabinet: People appointed by the president to assist him
Free Enterprise: An economic system that supported a non-govt. controlled market, private ownership of property, voluntary exchange of goods and services, and reasons to make profits.
Strict Construction: Meaning that Congress can only make new laws when absolutely necessary aka Jefferson's interpretation
Loose Construction: Meaning that as long as the Constitution didn't forbid it, Congress could do whatever they needed to do.
Alien and Sedition Acts: Alien act = Gave president permission to imprison or kick out foreigners.
Sedition act = Punished any US citizen who said or wrote anything bad about the government.
Kentucky and Vriginia Resolutions: This stated that the acts above were unconstitutional and asked Congress to repeal them. (wrtitten by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison).
Judicial Review: States that the courts can review acts of Congress and laws passed by the states.
Marbury vs. Madison: Malbury wasn't allowed to take office in Washington DC. The Supreme court ruled that it could only hear a case after it had gone through lower courts. then Marshall declared part of the Judiciary act of 1789 uncontstitutional.
Louisiana Purchase: James Monroe and Robert Livingston went to Paris to ask France for a Port at the mouth of the Mississippi river, and jefferson had Monroe offer as much as $10 million dollars for it. Napolean's representative offered to sell all of Louisana, and they US paid about 4 cents an acre for it.
Key People:
Alexander Hamilton: Washington's most trusted adviser, a republican.
Little Turtle: Commanded a group of natives who wanted to defend their homeland.
John Marshall: Cheif justice of the US, helped establish judicial review and other constitutional principles.
Summary:
The First President
*April 6, 1789-George Washing becomes the first president of US.
*Judiciary Act (explained above).
*Established Bill of Rights with the 10 amendments to protect the rights of the people.
*Congress created three departments to help president: State Dept., (foreign affairs) War Dept. (military affairs) and Treasury Dept. (manage finances).
Restoring The Nations Credit
*USA was in debt due to recent wars and overspending
The Secretary of Treasurey
*By turning to Alexander Hamilton, Congress set a precedent that Congress always gets direction from the executive branch in times of trouble.
*Hamilton, born in 1757, was a delegate in the Constitutional Convention and helped write the Federalist papers.
*Hamilton wanted the federal government to be strong and supported by the wealthy.
Hamilton's Proposals
*Hamilton suggested that Congress should pay the national debt (money owed to creditors) in order to make the nation's credit stronger.
*Hamilton wanted the federal govt. to repay some of the state's debt, and when faced with opposition, proposed moving the capital south towards Virginia and the Potomac River.
*Hamilton got Congress to create a national bank and make a "uniform" currency as well as give out loans to assist the govt.
*Southern planters didn't want wealthy merchants from the north controlling the bank, and Thomas Jefferson pointed out that the Constitution didn't give Congress permisson to set up a bank.
*Hamilton had a loose interpretation of the clause "to make all laws...necessary and proper", while Jefferson had a strict interpretation.
*Congress eventually sided with Hamilton and made a National Bank.
New Challenges
*USA still faced debt, tensions with natives, and problems with Britian.
Domestic Issues
*Pennslyvania farmers rebelled when a tax was set on whiskey in 1791 to help generate income.
*Native Americans resented having settlers in their land and tried to fight them.
*Some tribes signed a peace treaty with the USA.
Tensions With Great Britian
*Angry with the fact that USA wanted to remain neutral in wars, they kidnapped merchant vessels and American sailors.
The Rise of Political Parties
*Debates over foreign policy led to the arise of the first Ameican political parties.
Federalists and Republicans
*Federalists wanted to promote a strong central government and trade, especially with Britian.
*Republicans wanted to protect the rights of the states and limit the power of the government.
Adams's Presidency
*When president Washington retired, John Adams became president and Thomas Jefferson became vice president.
*Oppostion rose against the Alien and Sedition acts because they violated the Bill of Rights.
*Congress refused to repeal the acts.
Thomas Jefferson as President
*In 1801 Jefferson became president, rebuplicans took control of Congress.
*Federalists created lots of new judgeships.
*Adams elected John Marshall as cheif justice, which was his most significant appointment.
*Jefferson left some Federalist programs alone, including the National bank.
The Louisiana Purchase
*Since the exact size of the Louisiana territory was unknown, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were sent to explore the area.
*Natives helped, particularly Sacagawea, who became an interpreter for the explorers.
*Lewis and Clark returned after about 2 1/2 years and borught back various findings.
*Americans increasingly looked west after 13 more states in the Louisiana Territory were added to the USA.
The War of 1812
*After Britian attacked an American ship, Jefferson passed the Embargo Act, which stopped shipments of American products to all foreign nations, but it backfired.
*Conflict continued between natives and Americans as the Americans pushed westward.
*Americans believed that the British supported natives uprising and they dewclared war against Britian.
*The US eventually won under Andrew Jackson in 1815.
9/6/11
Section 2-1 Notes
Mr. Masterson
The New Government Takes Shape
Key Terms:
Judiciary Act of 1789: Made courts for each state, established powers of the federal courts.
Bill of Rights: Put the rights of the people down in writing to protect them
Cabinet: People appointed by the president to assist him
Free Enterprise: An economic system that supported a non-govt. controlled market, private ownership of property, voluntary exchange of goods and services, and reasons to make profits.
Strict Construction: Meaning that Congress can only make new laws when absolutely necessary aka Jefferson's interpretation
Loose Construction: Meaning that as long as the Constitution didn't forbid it, Congress could do whatever they needed to do.
Alien and Sedition Acts: Alien act = Gave president permission to imprison or kick out foreigners.
Sedition act = Punished any US citizen who said or wrote anything bad about the government.
Kentucky and Vriginia Resolutions: This stated that the acts above were unconstitutional and asked Congress to repeal them. (wrtitten by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison).
Judicial Review: States that the courts can review acts of Congress and laws passed by the states.
Marbury vs. Madison: Malbury wasn't allowed to take office in Washington DC. The Supreme court ruled that it could only hear a case after it had gone through lower courts. then Marshall declared part of the Judiciary act of 1789 uncontstitutional.
Louisiana Purchase: James Monroe and Robert Livingston went to Paris to ask France for a Port at the mouth of the Mississippi river, and jefferson had Monroe offer as much as $10 million dollars for it. Napolean's representative offered to sell all of Louisana, and they US paid about 4 cents an acre for it.
Key People:
Alexander Hamilton: Washington's most trusted adviser, a republican.
Little Turtle: Commanded a group of natives who wanted to defend their homeland.
John Marshall: Cheif justice of the US, helped establish judicial review and other constitutional principles.
Summary:
The First President
*April 6, 1789-George Washing becomes the first president of US.
*Judiciary Act (explained above).
*Established Bill of Rights with the 10 amendments to protect the rights of the people.
*Congress created three departments to help president: State Dept., (foreign affairs) War Dept. (military affairs) and Treasury Dept. (manage finances).
Restoring The Nations Credit
*USA was in debt due to recent wars and overspending
The Secretary of Treasurey
*By turning to Alexander Hamilton, Congress set a precedent that Congress always gets direction from the executive branch in times of trouble.
*Hamilton, born in 1757, was a delegate in the Constitutional Convention and helped write the Federalist papers.
*Hamilton wanted the federal government to be strong and supported by the wealthy.
Hamilton's Proposals
*Hamilton suggested that Congress should pay the national debt (money owed to creditors) in order to make the nation's credit stronger.
*Hamilton wanted the federal govt. to repay some of the state's debt, and when faced with opposition, proposed moving the capital south towards Virginia and the Potomac River.
*Hamilton got Congress to create a national bank and make a "uniform" currency as well as give out loans to assist the govt.
*Southern planters didn't want wealthy merchants from the north controlling the bank, and Thomas Jefferson pointed out that the Constitution didn't give Congress permisson to set up a bank.
*Hamilton had a loose interpretation of the clause "to make all laws...necessary and proper", while Jefferson had a strict interpretation.
*Congress eventually sided with Hamilton and made a National Bank.
New Challenges
*USA still faced debt, tensions with natives, and problems with Britian.
Domestic Issues
*Pennslyvania farmers rebelled when a tax was set on whiskey in 1791 to help generate income.
*Native Americans resented having settlers in their land and tried to fight them.
*Some tribes signed a peace treaty with the USA.
Tensions With Great Britian
*Angry with the fact that USA wanted to remain neutral in wars, they kidnapped merchant vessels and American sailors.
The Rise of Political Parties
*Debates over foreign policy led to the arise of the first Ameican political parties.
Federalists and Republicans
*Federalists wanted to promote a strong central government and trade, especially with Britian.
*Republicans wanted to protect the rights of the states and limit the power of the government.
Adams's Presidency
*When president Washington retired, John Adams became president and Thomas Jefferson became vice president.
*Oppostion rose against the Alien and Sedition acts because they violated the Bill of Rights.
*Congress refused to repeal the acts.
Thomas Jefferson as President
*In 1801 Jefferson became president, rebuplicans took control of Congress.
*Federalists created lots of new judgeships.
*Adams elected John Marshall as cheif justice, which was his most significant appointment.
*Jefferson left some Federalist programs alone, including the National bank.
The Louisiana Purchase
*Since the exact size of the Louisiana territory was unknown, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were sent to explore the area.
*Natives helped, particularly Sacagawea, who became an interpreter for the explorers.
*Lewis and Clark returned after about 2 1/2 years and borught back various findings.
*Americans increasingly looked west after 13 more states in the Louisiana Territory were added to the USA.
The War of 1812
*After Britian attacked an American ship, Jefferson passed the Embargo Act, which stopped shipments of American products to all foreign nations, but it backfired.
*Conflict continued between natives and Americans as the Americans pushed westward.
*Americans believed that the British supported natives uprising and they dewclared war against Britian.
*The US eventually won under Andrew Jackson in 1815.